Furnace



C. L. LEE FURNACE Filed July 5, 1922 15 Sheets-Sheet 2 C. L. LEE

FURNACE Filed July 5, 1922 15 Sheets-Sheet 3 Oct. 13, 1925. 1, 6,698

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FURNACE Filed July 5, 1922 15 Sheets-Sheet 8 Oct. 13,1925. 1,556,698

C. L. LEE

FURNACE I Filed July 5, 1922 15 Sheets-Sheet 9 3/. $313 5 3/7 I 304 j iW? Q 3/;

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15 Sheets-Sheet II C. L. LEE

Oct. 13,1925.

FURNACE Filed July 5, 1922 MMN ' Oct. 13, 1925- i r 1,556,698 C. L. LEE

FURNACE Fi led July 3, 1922 15 Sheets-Sheet 12 gy YMW JZIMQ Q 14 away C.L. LEE

Oct. 13 1925.

FURNACE Filed July 5, 1922 15 Sheets-Sheet l5 M fin/v.

Patented Oct. 13, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES I. LEE, 0] DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL MOTORS RESEARCHCOR- PORATION, OF DAYTON, OHIO, A. CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

FURNACE.

Application filed. July- 3,

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES L. LEE, a citizenof the United States of America, residing at Dayton, county ofMontgomery, and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Furnaces, of which the following is a full, clear, andexact description.

This invention relates to furnaces for brazing cooling fins to iron orsteel bodies, and more particularly to furnaces for at taching copperfins to iron cylinders of internal combustion engines.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention the furnace isconstructed and arranged to carry out the process of cylinderconstruction claimed and described in the copending application ofCharles F. Kettering, Serial No. 514014, filed November 9, 1921, and inthe present invention the form disclosed constitutes improvements in theapparatus described and claimed in my copending application, Serial No.396,- 27 6, filed July 14, 1920.

In my copending application there is disclosed a furnace which includesa liquid fuel burner having a combustion tube extending out from theigniting chamber of the burner, and there is a furnace shell r0- tatablymounted co-axially with the burner combustion tube. The products ofcombustion in the burner are directed into the inside of a cylinder ofcast iron or steel having its head closed and having its opposite endopen and connected with a burner stack but sealed off from the spacewithin the furnace shell which surrounds the outside of the cylinder.Before placing the cylinder in the furnace shell a strip of brazingbrass is placed around the outside of the cylinder and a strip of finloops is placed around the cylinder wall and on the outside of thebrazing brass. The fin material and the brazing strop are held. inposition by means of iron binding wires. While the cylinder is beingheated from the inside the cylinder is rotated in order to secureuniform heating and so that the brazing brass will be uniformlydistributed when the furnace temperature is such as to melt the 1922.Serial No. 572,504.

brass but not the fin material. After the brazing temperature has beenreached and the brass is melted, the burner is turned ofl but thefurnace shell is rotated so that on cooling the brazing brass will beuniformly distributed and will fill up all the spaces between the finmaterial and the cylinder shell. This cooling may take several minutes,after which rotation is stopped, the furnace is opened, the cylinderremoved and another cylinder assembly to be brazed 1s inserted. In thisapparatus the turning ofi of the burner and the stopping of the furnaceshell are entirely within the control of the operator.

Among the objects of the present invent1on is torender the steps abovementioned more or less automatic in character and with this in Viewmeans has been provided for automatically controlling the heating andcoolmg of the cylinder assemblies; other means has been providedenabling the insertion and removal of the cylinder assemblies withgreater rapidity and ease; and means has also been provided to enable anumber of furnaces to be operated simultaneously; all of these meanstogether with other features not mentioned tending to greatly increasethe output and uniform high quality of the product.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparentfrom the following description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, wherein preferred forms of embodiments of the presentinvention are clearly shown.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan View of a furnace bank of three furnaces, showing thefurnace shells in different positions;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of one of the furnaces disclosed in the bankshown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 2 is a plan view, partly in section, of a frame or housing memberfor supporting the controlling apparatus of a bank of furnaces.

Fig. 3 is an end view loo-king in the direction of arrow 3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary end view showing the rear end of a furnaceburner looking in the direction of arrow 4 on Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but on a smaller scale, the furnaceshell being in operative position;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary side view showing certain parts of Fig. 5 inpartly retracted position;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary side View partly in section showing the shellbracket or carriage in a partially tilted position.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary sectional View and partly in elevation of partsadjacent the section line 88 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of the furnace burner andfurnace shell;

Figs. 10 and 11 and 12 are fragmentary Views showing the mechanism forlatching the furnace shell cover upon the furnace shell;

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary view of certain parts located on the oppositeside of the furnace unit shown in Fig. 2 Fig. 13 being a view looking inthe direction of arrow 13 in Fig. 3;

Fig. 14 is a perspective view showing the furnace shell in fullretracted and vertical position with the furnace shell cover open;

Fig. 15 is a plan View on an enlarged scale of the burner controllingmechanism;

Fig. 16 is an elevation looking in the direction of the arrow 16 on Fig.15, certain elements being shown in section along the line 1616 of Fig.15;

Fig. 17 is an end View of the controlling magnet with mechanism attachedto the magnet armature;

Fig. 18 is an end view of the controlling magnet taken in the directionof arrow 18 in Fig. 15;

Fig. 19 is a sectional vie-w taken on the line 1919 of Fig. 15;

Fig. 20 is a sectional view on. an enlarged scale of the furnacecontrolling mechanism, this view being taken approximately on the line2020 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 21 is a sectional view taken on the line 2l21 of Fig. 20;

Fig. 22 is a sectional view taken 011 the line 22-22 of Fig. 20;

Fig. 23 is a view similar to Fig. 22 but showing the parts in adifferent position;

Fig. 24 is a sectional view taken on the line 24-24 of Fig. 20:

Fig. 25 is a view similar to big. 24 but showing the parts in adifferent position;

Fig. 26 is a View showing certain parts shown in Fig. 21;

Fig. 27 is a fragmentary view partly in section showing the installationof a thermocouple or other temperature responsive de vice;

Fig. 28 is a view looking in the direction of the arrow 28 of Fig. 27,certain parts being broken away to show the interior structure;

Fig. 29 is a wiring diagram of the electrical equipment for the furnacealso a diagrammatic showing of a motor driven air compressor for thefurnace burners;

Fig. 30 is a plan View with the cover removed of a fuel supply tank; and

Fig. 31 is a sectional view taken on the line 313l of Fig. 30.

In the drawings numeral 50 (Fig. 1) designates the bank of furnacescomprising three furnaces units each designated as a Whole by numeral51. Referring now to Fig. 2, unit 51 comprises a frame 52 having a track53 upon which rolls a furnace shell bracket 54 which supports a furnaceshell 55. Frame 52 supports a controller frame or housing 56 upon whichis mounted a b zirner designated as a whole by the numeral 5 The furnaceshell and supporting bracket will first be described. The bracket 54includes a side web 60 (Fig. 7) and a connecting cross web 61, thesewebs merging into a neck 62 which connects with a hub 63 providing abearing for the loosely journalled furnace shell shaft 64. (See Figs. 7and 27.) The webs 60 are connected by pins 65 and 66 on which arejournalled rollers 67 and 68 respectively which are adapted to roll onthe track 53. The frame 52 is provided with a curved end portion 69 soformed that the roller 68 may swing around the underside of this curvedportion and may strike a stop portion 70. The webs 60 are also connectedby a pin 71 having fixed thereon a stop member 72 provided with a finger73 which may slide along within a groove 74 which extends below thesurface of the track 53. The finger 73 is adapted to strike against astop plate 75 located at the bottom end of the groove 74. Bracket 54carries a roller 76 adapted to strike against the arcuate surface 77 ofthe shock lever 78 which is pivoted at 79 upon the frame 52.

Bracket 54 also carries a. roller 80 adapted to strike against theconcave curved surface 81 of the lever 78. Lever 78 has a pivotalconnection at 82 with a rod 83 which passes through acollar 84 having astem 85 by means of which said collar 84 is pivoted upon the frame 52.Rod 83 carries nuts 86 and a washer 87, and a spring 88 is locatedbetween the collar 84 and the washer 87 and this spring 88 normallyholds the lever 78 in position shown in Fig. 5. The pin 71 serves toattach the bracket 54 to the yoke 89 of a link 90 having yoke 91straddling the leg 92 of frame 52 and connected by pin 93 with arms 94located on each side of frame 52 and pivoted on pin 95 carried by theframe. A slot 96, concentrically arranged with the pin 95, carried bythe frame 52, is provided in said frame. This slot is adapted to receivethe pin 93 of the lever 91, whereby the movement of said lever islimited to the length of the slot.

The bracket 54 is provided with a stop adapted to engage a throw outlever 101 pivoted at 102 upon frame 52 and having a lug 103 adapted toengage a stop 104 carried by frame 52. A spring 105 attached at 106 toframe 52 and at 107 to the lever 101 tends normally to maintain thelever 101 in the position shown in Fig. 2 or to maintain the lever 101in contact with the stop 100 when the parts are in the position in Fig.5. Referring to Fig. 13 bracket 54 carries a latch plate 110 havinganotch 111 adapted to be engaged by latch lever 112 pivoted at 113 upona bracket 114 extending out from the controller housing 56. A mechanismfor operating the latch lever 112 will be described later. For thepresent it is sulficient tostate that there is mechanism for rotatingthe latch lever 112 clockwise so that the latch plate 110 may bereleased. The latch lever 112 is held normally in position shown inFigs. 13 and 20, by means of a spring 115 attached at 116 to the lever112 and the other end is attached to the frame 52. When the bracket 54is moved toward the burner the beveled surface 118 pro-vided on thelatch plate 110 will strike the beveled surface 119 provided on thelever 112 causing the lever 112 to be moved clockwise as viewed in Fig.13 until the hooked portion of the lever will ride over the top of latchplate 110 and will snap into the notch 111 thus locking the bracket 54in operative position.

The shaft 64 which rotatably supports the furnace shell is provided witha flange 120 Fig. 27 to which is attached by screws 121 a ring 122provided with side holes 123 to assist in dissipating heat. To this ring122 is bolted furnace shell 55 by means of screws 125. Shell 55 at itsopen end is provided with an annular recess 126 Fig. 9 adapted toreceive the annular flange 127 of the furnace shell cover 128 which isprovided with the circular flange 129 which contacts with trunnions tobe described, by means of which rotation is imparted to the furnaceshell and cover. The shell 55 is provided with lugs 130 and 131 whichsupport pins 132 and 132 respectively. Pin 132 carries a latch lever 133having a handle 134 and an arcuate notch 135 adapted to receive a pin136 supported by lugs 137 extending from the shell cover 128. The pin132 supports a latch lever 133, and a notch 135 of this lever is adaptedto receive a pin 138 attached to links 139 having at one end round holesthrough which pass a pin 140 which is supported by lugs 141 extendingfrom the shell cover 128. The lugs 131 are provided with slots 142 topermit of movement of the pin 140 relative to the furnace shell 55. Thelinks 139 are provided with slots 143 through which the pin 132 extends,said slots 143 permit-ting movement of the links 139 relative to thefurnace shell 55. The latch lever 1.33 is located between the links 139as shown in Fig. 12, and is attached to the pin 132. The handle 134 isalso attached to the pin 132 so that by moving the handle 134 the latch133 will be operated. It is apparent therefore that when the furnaceshell has been removed to the position shown in Fig. 2, the shell cover128 may be lifted upwardly after the latch levers 133 and 133 have beenmoved to the position shown in Fig. 11 and the cover 128 may be swung inthe position shown in Fig. 14 with the lugs 141 resting against pins 144carried by the lugs 131.

In Fig. 9, a shell 55 is provided nith a cylindrical refractory liningmember with an end lining member 151. Likewise cover 128 is providedwith a cylindrical lining member 152 and with an end lining member 153.The end wall of shell carries a stop member 154 against which rests thehead 155 of a cylinder 156 having side walls 157 and a rectangular baseor mounting flange 158. The cylinder head 155 which is illustrated byway of example. includes in take and exhaust passages and is providedwith mounting flanges 159 and 160, faces of which are machined orparallel to one another and to the axis of the cylinder. 'lhese flangesassist in locating the cylinder within the furnace shell. As shown inFig. 9 the flange 159 rests against a clamp member 161 attached to theshell 55 by means of bolts 162 and nuts 163. The flange of the cylinderhead 155 rests against a movable clamping member 164 which is carriedupon a plunger 165 which slides through the furnace shell 55 and is alsoguided by a yoke 166 attached by screws 167 to the furnace shell. Aspring 168 located between the yoke 166 and a collar 169 pinned at 170to the plunger 165, serves to maintain the clamp 164 against the flange160.

The furnace cover 128 is provided with a mounting block 171 having acentral opening 172 and a rectangular recess 173 adapted to receive thecylinder flange 153. The central hole 172 Fig. 14 is in alignment withsimilar holes provided in the lining member 153 in the head of the cover128, which holes are co-axial with a collar member .175. When the cover128 is clamped by means of the clamping lever 133 in position upon theshell 155 as shown in Fig. 9 the cylinder 156 will be clamped betweenthe mounting blocks 171 and 154 while the clamping members 161 and 164assist in maintaining the cylinder 156 substantially concentric to thefurnace shell. A fin material is indicated at 1'76 and the binding wiresat 177. For further description of the method of assembling the inmaterial and brazing matter upon the cylinder 156 reference is made tothe copending application of Charles F. Kettering referred to.

The burner 57 will next be described. This burner includes a base 180having a dove-tail portion 181 adapted to be received by guide 182 and agib 183 included between said clove-tail 181 and guide 184. These guides182 and 184 are formed integrally with the upper surface of thecontroller housing 56. By virtue of this construction the burner bracket189 is adjustable with respect to the furnace shell 55. The bracket 180supports a burner housing 185 having a mounting flange 185". T he body185 supports a burner insert 186 carrying an atomizing orifice 187 and afuel nozzle 188. Nozzle 188 is attached to a fitting 189 supported bythe burner housing 185. Body 185 is provided with a fitting 199"attached to air hose 190. Air delivered from the hose 190 will passthrough the orifice 187 and cause fuel to be sucked up from the nozzle188 and to be sprayed out into the insert 186. This spray is ignited bya spark from the spark plug 191 and mixes with air conning in throughthe small holes 192 in the wall of the insert 186. As air is supplied tothe burner under pressure a flame will be projected out through theflame tube 193 which is supported by means of a flame tube bracket 194having a mounting flange 195 attached by screws 196 to the mountingflange 185 of burner 185. The products of combustion from this flametube 193 will be delivered into the interior of the cylinder 156, andsince the exterior of this cylinder is sealed off by the cylindermounting 1ncin-- bers from the interior of the furnace the combustionproducts will pass from the cylinder 156 back through the tubularextension 197 of the flame tube bracket 194 and out through a stack 198.The flame tube 193 being subjected to high tcniperature will requirereplacement before other parts of the burner are worn out. This tube isconstructed preferably of metal which is not readily deteriorated byheat but in order to facilitate replacement this tube is detachablysecured in position by means of a set screw 199. A leveling screw 200has a screw threaded connection with the bracket 180 and is locked inposition by a lock nut 201. This screw 200 assists in supporting thecombustion tube bracket 194.

The furnace operating and controlling mechanism supported by thecontroller housing 56 will now be described. In Figs. 20 to 25 a housing56 is provided with a bearing 210 and with a cover 211 having a bearing212. Bearing 210 supports a sleeve 213 in which is j ournalled a shaft214 which is also journalled within the bearing 212. The shaft 214loosely supports a worm gear 215 meshing with a worm 216 (see Fig. 21)which is carried upon a shaft 217 which extends through all of thefurnace controllers in a bank of furnaces. Each of the controllerhousings 56 carries a bracket 218 providing a journal for this shaft.Vithin each of the housings 56 the shaft 217 carries a beveled gear 219meshing with a beveled gear 220 carried by shaft 221 journalled withinthe bearing 222 supported by bearing bracket 223 formed integrally withthe housing 56. Each shaft 221 extends through the end wall of thehousing 56 and is supported by a bracket 225 and carries a trunnion 226having a beveled edge 227. Outside of the controller housing 56 theshaft 217 carries beveled gears 228 each meshing with a beveled gear229, each carried by a shaft 230, each, shaft 230 being supported bybrackets 231 and 232 and carrying trunnions 226. Each pair of trunnions226 is adapted to receive the flange 129 of the furnace shell cover 128.

The three housings 56 support controlling devices for the bank of threefurnaces shown in Fig. 1 and are preferably tied together by web members233 so that the rear ends of all the frames 52 are tied together by onecasting. Other tie members 234 which are bolted to mounting pads 235(see Fig. 5) serve to attach the frames 52 together. A motor supportingshelf 236 which is supported by two of the housings 56 carries anelectric motor 237 which drives a shaft 217 through a train of gearslocated in a gear box 237. The motor 237 also drives a timer distributorelement 238 for supplying ignition sparks intermittently through thehigh tension cables 239 to the burner spark plugs 191.

Each shaft 214 supports a worm gear 215 carrying a cam 250 provided witha cam slot 251, ratchet 252 to which are pinned cams 253 and 254, airvalve cam 255 and furnace rotation timing cam including relativelyadjustable members 256 and 257. Member 256 is pinned to the shaft 214while the member 257 is carried on the sleeve 213 which has keyedthereto a collar 258 carrying graduations 259. A collar 260 is keyed tothe shaft 214 and by tightening up on the nut 261 which is rotated onthe shaft 214, the sleeve 213 carrying the cam member 257 will beclamped between the cam member 256 and the collar 260. Therefore byloosening the nut 261 the sleeve 213 may be rotated relative to theshaft 214 by turning the graduated collar 258. Relative movement betweenthe cam members 256 and 257 is limited by pin 262 which projects throughan arcuate slot 263 carried by the cam member 256. The shaft 214 isconnected with an operating rod 264 by means of universal joint 265. Therod 264 is supported by bracket 266 carried by frame 52 and is pro-Vided with a handle 267.

The bracket 218 supports a stud 270 upon which is journalled a lever 271carrying cam roller 272 which projects into cam slot 251. A pawl 273carrying a pin 274 is pivotally mounted at 275 upon the lever 271 and aspring 276, located between the stud 277 carried by lever 271 and thepawl 273, normally maintains the pawl 273 in contact with the ratchet252. The bracket 218 carries a pin 280 against which bears a spring 281bearing also against a pawl 282 pivotally mounted at 283 on the bracket218. Pawl 282 cooperates with the ratchet 252 to prevent backing up ofthe ratchet.

The stud 270 supports an escapement lever 290 having teeth 291 and 292so related to the cams 253 and 254 that after the cam 253 has beenturned far enough to clear the tooth 291 there will still be a slightamount of clearance between the cam 254 and the tooth 292 so that bygravity the lever 290 may drop from the position shown in Fig. 25 to theposition shown in Fig. 24. The lever 290 has an extension 293 adapted toengage with the pin 274 whereby to throw the pawl 273 out of engagementwith ratchet 252 when the lever 290 occupies the position shown in Fig.25.

The cam 255 is adapted to engage a lever 300 j ournalled upon a stud 301carried by the housing 56. Lever 300 is connected to link 302 whichextends up through a hole 303 provided in the top wall of the housing 56and connected at 304 with a lever 305 which is pivoted at 306 upon avalve casting 307 secured by bolts 308 to the top of housing 56. Casting307 is provided with an intake passage 309 communicating with airdelivery pipe 310. Pipe 309 leads through a valve seat 311 to an outletpassage 312 being adapted to receive air hose 190 leading to the fuelburner 57. The valve seat 311 receives a valve 31.3 having a stem 314passing through. packing material 315 and a packing gland 316. A spring317 interposed between the valve 313 and located within a recess in thehead of the valve bears against a plug 318, this spring 317 normallymaintaining the valve 313 upon its seat. When the cam 255 is turnedclockwise as viewed in Fig. 19, the lobe 255 will strike against theprojection 300 of the lever 300 causing the link 302 to move up and thelever 305 to open the valve 313. As long as the projection 300 rests ontop of the lobe 255 this valve will be held open, therefore this camconstitutes a member for initially opening the air valve. Since it isdesirable to cause the air valve to be closed in accordance with thetemperature within the furnace and independent of the operation of theshaft 214 other means are Provided. liel t g the valve pen a er Theshaft 322 carries an arm 324 provided with a slotted portion 325withwhich cooperates a pin 326 carried by a fork 327 mounted upon theend of a rod 328 attached to a solenoid armature 329. Armature 329slides within a tube 330 surrounded by magnet winding 331 havingterminals 332 and 333 and housed within a magnetizable tube 334 which issupported by bracket 335 upon the bracket 323. A spring 336 interposedbetween bracket 335 and a washer 337 carried by the rod 328 normallypresses the finger 321 toward the pin 320. As shown in Fi 16 the magnet331 has been energized sui ficiently to attract the armature 329 towarda core portion 338 and to move the finger 321 out from under the pin320. Fig. 16 shows the finger 321 on the verge of leaving the pin 320.As will be explained later the winding 321 is responsive to temperatureand when the desired temperature has been reached, this winding will beenergized sufficiently to move the finger 321 away from the pin 320. Inthe normal operation of the machine the cam lobe 255 will have beenmoved away from the projection 300 before the maximum temperature isreached. Therefore, if finger 321 releases the pin 320 the spring 317will be free to close the valve 313 thereby stopping the burner bycutting off the supply of air and fuel.

In the wiring diagram shown in Fig. 29, the winding 331 is shownconnected with current supply leads 340 and 341 by means of a mainswitch 342 and a relay switch 343 which is controlled .by a magnetwinding 344, the terminals of which are attached to brushes 345 and 346bearing against slit rings 347 and 348 respectively, these rings beingconnected with a thermocouple 349 which is located within the furnaceshell 55 and subjected to the hottest temperature within the furnace.The thermocouple is mounted upon the sleeve 350 and the wires from thiscouple are connected with the slit rings 347 and 348 which are mountedas shown in Fig. 27 upon the furnace shaft 64 but insulated therefrom.The brushes 346 and 347 are mounted upon the housing 351 which isattached by screws 352 to the bracket 54. The housing 351' is providedwith an end cover 353. By removing the cover 353 the leads from thethermocouple may be detached from the slit rings and the thermocouplewithdrawn out through the open end of the furnace.

The supply means 340 and 341 are connected by switch 360 with the motor237 dr v he timerdistributer 23.

